artificial rearing impairs piglet behavior, welfare and growth. that in short is the conclusion of joint irish and scottish research that was recently published.
人工饲养会损害仔猪的行为、福利和生长发育。这是爱尔兰和苏格兰联合研究的结论，于近期发表。
the scientists, attached to the irish research institute teagasc, scotland’s rural college and the university of edinburgh, published their findings in the peer-reviewed journal applied animal behaviour science.
这些科学家隶属于爱尔兰研究机构teagasc、苏格兰农业学院和爱丁堡大学，他们的研究结果发表在《应用动物行为科学》（applied animal behaviour science）期刊上。
artificial rearing as strategy
人工饲养策略
the scientists explained in their article that, in order to deal with managing large litters, one strategy involves removing piglets from their mothers at 7 days old to be reared in specialised accommodation with milk replacer. in the study, the team evaluated effects on piglet behaviour, growth and some aspects of welfare by comparing 10 pairs of 2 litters (one sow-reared, one artificially-reared) selected at 7 days-old at a similar weight.
科学家们在他们的文章中解释称，为了应对大量幼崽的管理问题，其中一个策略是把7天大的小猪从它们的母亲身边移走，在专门的环境中用母乳替代品喂养它们。在这项研究中，研究小组通过比较两窝10对仔猪(一窝由母猪喂养，另一窝人工饲养)，评估了它们的行为、生长和福利方面的影响。
人工饲养环境中的仔猪。图片与本文研究无关。图：koos groenewold
the team recorded piglet behaviour for 20minutes following transfer of artificially-reared piglets to the artificial-rearing enclosure (day 0) and for 20minutes hourly between 9am and 5pm (8hours) on day 5 and day 12. they also undertook 5minute live observations every hour. the team also conducted qualitative behavioural assessment (qba) on day 14 to evaluate piglets’ emotional state. survival and illness events were recorded until weaning.
研究小组记录了人工饲养仔猪移入人工饲养栏(第0天)后20分钟的行为，并在第5天和第12天上午9点至下午5点(8小时)之间每小时记录20分钟。他们还每小时进行5分钟的现场观察。研究小组还在第14天进行了定性行为评估(qba)，以评估小猪的情绪状态。存活率和疾病状况一直记录到仔猪断奶。
in addition, they weighted and scored the piglets for tear staining, dirtiness of the face and severity of lesions of the snout, limbs, ear and tail, on day 0, day 1, day 8 and day 15. survival and illness rates, as well as the rates of behaviours/minute were analysed, just like weights and qba scores. in addition, lesions, tear staining and dirtiness scores were averaged per litter and analysed.
另外，在第0天、第1天、第8天和第15天，对仔猪进行称重，并对其进行泪液染色、面部脏污、鼻部、四肢、耳朵和尾巴损伤程度评分。研究人员分析了存活率和患病率，以及每分钟行动率，就像分析体重和qba评分一样。此外，还对每窝的皮损、泪液染色和脏度评分进行了平均分析。
differences in the piglets’ behavior
仔猪行为差异
the researchers wrote in their article: “when artificially-reared piglets were transferred to the artificial-rearing enclosure, their behaviour was not different to sow-reared piglets. over the 2 observation days, artificially-reared piglets performed more belly-nosing, nursing-related displacements, visits to the milk cup (compared to nursing bouts), and oral manipulation of littermates’ ears and tails than sow-reared piglets.
研究人员在文中写道:“当人工饲养的小猪被转移到人工饲养围栏时，它们的行为与母猪喂养的仔猪没有什么不同。观察2天后，人工饲养的仔猪比母猪喂养养的仔猪更多次进行腹部嗅探、哺乳相关的移动更频繁、喝奶的频次(与哺乳次数相比)更高，以及更经常吮吸或咬同窝仔猪的耳朵和尾巴。
“however, sow-reared piglets played alone and explored their environment more frequently than artificially-reared piglets. the qba scores indicated a lower emotional state in artificially-reared piglets. survival rate and overall illness rate of piglets were similar between the treatments.”
然而，与人工饲养的小猪相比，母猪喂养的小猪更喜欢独自玩耍，更喜欢探索周围的环境。qba分数表明人工饲养的小猪情绪状态较低。两种方法下的仔猪存活率和总病死率不分伯仲。
growth check following transfer to enclosure
转栏后进行生长检查
“artificially-reared piglets experienced a growth check following their transfer to the artificial-rearing enclosure and remained lighter than sow-reared piglets through to weaning. overall, snout lesion scores were not different between the treatments, but artificially-reared piglets had lower limb and ear lesion scores and higher tail lesion scores. artificially-reared piglets were dirtier but had lower tear staining scores than sow-reared piglets.”
人工饲养的仔猪在转移到人工饲养围栏后经历了生长检查，在断奶期间，它们的体重仍然比母猪喂养的仔猪轻。总体而言，不同处理方式间，猪鼻损伤评分无显著差异，但人工饲养的仔猪下肢、耳损伤评分较低，尾损伤评分较高。人工饲养的小猪比母猪喂养的小猪更脏，但泪液染色分数较低。”
all in all, the results led the team to conclude that artificial rearing does impair piglet behaviour, welfare and growth.
总而言之，研究小组根据研究结果得出的结论是，人工饲养确实会损害仔猪的行为、福利和生长。
the article which appeared in applied animal behaviour science was conducted by keelin o‘driscoll and laura a. boyle, teagasc, ireland; emma m. baxter, sruc, scotland, uk; and océane schmitt, attached to teagasc, sruc and the university of edinburgh, scotland, uk.
这篇发表在《应用动物行为科学》（applied animal behaviour science）上的文章是由爱尔兰teagasc的keelin o driscoll和laura a. boyle; 苏格兰农业学院艾玛emma m. baxter，及附属于teagasc, 苏格兰农业学院和爱丁堡大学的oceane schmitt共同完成的。
原文链接
/7/artificial-rearing-affects-piglets-pre-weaning-452701e/
（文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译，爱猪网原创，转载请注明出处）